PAC Audiovisual Records

PAC: Audio Visual Records History


The audio tapes in this collection were created under the auspices of two major organizations: Radio Tanzania Dar-Es-Salaam (RTD) and the UN Radio Service. Portions of the collection were also produced using the facilities of the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Company. Also, one tape remains of many received from radio programme distribution organizations, such as the Voice of Germany, the London Radio Service, and the Voice of America.

The majority of the PAC Tanzania reel to reel tape series was produced using the facilities and air time provided by Radio Tanzania Dar-Es-Salaam. RTD provided their facilities and air time to the PAC and to other anti-apartheid groups with offices in Tanzania, such as the ANC. The Voice of the PAC and Azanian Peoples Liberation Army (APLA) on RTD appears on tape beginning in 1978, and scripts for programmes exist into 1994. The programmes were broadcast on three different frequencies throughout Tanzania and into South Africa, with six broadcasts per week in the evenings and three days per week in the mornings. The programme length varied between 15 minutes to 30 minutes, over time, the PAC was allotted more air time by RTD. The exact arrangement between the PAC and RTD is unclear. The two primary interviewers and presenters of the PAC Programme were Waters Toboti and Peter Mana.

The reel to reel tape radio programs produced by the UN Radio Service are found primarily in the PAC Zimbabwe series with a few still remaining in the PAC Tanzania series. The UN Radio Service is part of the Department of Public Information. In 1977 the UN General Assembly established an Anti-Apartheid Programme Section (AAPS).The goal of the AAPS was to counter the broadcasts of the apartheid government, and to help bring about the end of apartheid. The APPS implemented this goal by producing radio material for direct broadcast into South Africa, Namibia, and other countries in the region who elected to broadcast anti-apartheid material.

The AAPS initiated its daily programmes in March 1978. Originally seven, 15 minute scripts in English were translated into the five South African languages: Zulu, Afrikaans, Xhosa, Sesotho, and Setswana, resulting in 42 programs produced per week and distributed to over 20 countries for worldwide broadcast.

Five years after its start, the AAPS faced controversies regarding employees, employment practices, and mounting criticism. In 1987 Afrikaans adaptations of the programs were discontinued. The number of scripts per week were cut from seven to five to three per week in five South African languages and English. The AAPS was finally restructured in 1988, and beginning in 1989 the programme was changed to "One South Africa."

The history of the videotapes was not readily apparent from the document and records available at Fort Hare. The history may be revealed after proper viewing of the tapes. For the most part, the tapes are represented as filmed events by the PAC in particular areas, such as the United States, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and South Africa. The history of their distribution at this time is unknown.