ANC Lusaka Mission

Introduction

When the Nationalist Government banned the African National Congress (ANC) on 8 April 1960, the ANC began operating underground in South Africa and in exile. Outside the country the ANC started to establish itself as the official voice of South Africa's voteless masses. By the 1970s recognition of the ANC's legitimacy was growing, not only amongst the multiplicity of non-governmental anti-apartheid organizations, but also among foreign governments.

The first missions were opened in London, Accra, Cairo, and Dar-es-Salaam. By 1980, the ANC had offices and representatives in 34 countries. The external missions worked to win support for the overthrow of apartheid by promoting the cause of the ANC and urging international economic and academic and cultural, diplomatic pressure against the South African government. The missions also provided assistance to South African exiles. Following the banning of the organisation, Oliver Tambo, then acting President of the ANC left South Africa to head the ANC's external operations.

On 2 February 1990 the bans on the ANC and other political organisations were lifted. A process of negotiations between the unbanned organisations and the South African government ensued. In 1992 the ANC instructed its missions to collate and box their records for shipment to South Africa. These records were to form the basis of the official archives of the ANC, from which a true history of the ANC's role in the struggle against apartheid could be written.

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History

The main exodus of prominent ANC members from South Africa occurred after 1963 and the Rivonia Trial. President Nyerere immediately offered hospitality in Tanzania and the ANC 'Provisional Headquarters' were set up in Morogoro. Priorities of the ANC were to build Mkhonto weSizwe (MK), the armed wing of the ANC, and to consolidate the exile community into a viable and effective organisation, both in Africa and overseas. The landmark Morogoro Conference, held in 1969 was a shift in this direction with its decision to allow entry into the ANC of members of the other congresses, thus forming one organisation of activists.

By 1971 the National Executive Committee (NEC) were able to circularise "all our units" on 21 October and announce the appointment of personnel in the "External Mission" (Doc. 32, ANC Circulars). The Secretary-General, Alfred Nzo, and the Secretariat were based in Morogoro.

Thomas Nkobi was appointed Chief Representative to Lusaka, John Dube the Deputy, Hector Nkula the Publicity Officer and Gertrude Shope the Office Secretary. Appointments were made for officers in Dar es Salaam, Cairo, Algiers, London, India, New York and Nigeria (in 1972). Not all those appointed were able to take up their positions in the given time, and in some cases changes had to be made.

From the letters in the collection a dramatis personae emerges of the actors in the road to democracy, a few notables being Moses Kotane, J.B.Marks, Florence Mophosho, Kate Molale, Maggie Resha, Hilda Bernstein, Helen Joseph, Ruth First, TX (Tennyson) Makiwane, M.P. Naicker, Joe Slovo, Joe Matthews, Lilian Ngoyi, Joe Qabi and of course Nelson Mandela.

The 1970s were turbulent times for the liberation movement. An escalation of deaths in detention and repressive measures brought a counter reaction of protest. The Textile Union strikes in Natal in 1973 gave workers strength. The turning point was June 16, 1976 and the peaceful protest of the Soweto students who did not want to be taught in Afrikaans. The resulting indiscriminate shooting of children and mass arrests by the military police led to nation-wide protest. Young people fled across the borders into Botswana, Zambia and Tanzania.

Once again Nyerere offered the ANC sustenance by way of a disused sisal plantation on which to build a school, which grew into a settlement accommodating some 5000 people by the time it closed in 1992. This was the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO), named after the student executed in April 1979 for a murder he did not do.

The influx of refugees crossing borders meant an increase in the work of the Morogoro mission. Many traveled to Tanzania to SOMAFCO, while others joined MK and most regarded themselves as members of the ANC. Bona Fide ANC members were able to obtain residence permits or credentials to travel to other countries for study or to join their families. The 'Provisional Headquarters' burst at the seams and by 1977 Zambia offered the ANC a building in Lusaka to set up their more permanent headquarters.

Biography - Mittah Seperepere

Born 28 December 1929 as Mittah Goeieman in Riverton on the Vaal River, Ms. Seperepere received a scholarship to study at Barkly Road High School in Kimberley. She moved to Majeng, where she organized for the ANC and against the pass laws. She was also responsible for securing a lawyer, Oliver Tambo, for women who were arrested for protesting the pass laws. After moving back to Kimberley, she became the secretary of the ANC Kimberley branch. She married Maruping Seperepere, whom she met in 1967.

She was arrested and detained for three months in 1960 during the State of Emergency. She worked underground for the ANC after its banning in 1960. She was arrested again in 1965 for not producing a pass. Shortly thereafter, she fled to Botswana, where she lived for 10 years. She and her husband were arrested for possession of arms, after which they moved to Tanzania. While there, she was elected to the position of chairperson of the ANC Women’s Section.

She founded the ANC Primary School in Mazimbu, which became part of the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO), while serving as the Welfare Officer of the Regional Political Committee of the ANC in Tanzania.

She moved to Zambia after her husband’s death in 1981. She was a member of the National Women’s Executive Committee (NWEC) of the ANC and a representative of the ANC at the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF), and representing WIDF at PAWO meetings. She also highlighted the plight of children and spoke to schoolchildren, traveled to conferences, conventions, and congresses to highlight the oppression in South Africa, and organized the 1984 “Year of the South African Woman” conference. She encouraged women’s organizations to affiliate with WIDF.

Around 1986 she was appointed Chief Representative of the ANC to Madagascar.

Her speeches and writings highlight women’s role in the struggle against apartheid and detail women’s place in the South African society under this regime. Many of her speeches also include a history of the women’s movements in South Africa.

Scope and Content Note

The ANC Lusaka Mission collection is comprised of linear meters and eleven series: Department of Arts & Culture, Chief Representative Office, Department of International Affairs, Department of Health, Missions, Newspaper Cuttings, Office of the Treasurer General, Mittah Seperepere, Subject Files, Women’s Section, and Posters. These series were kept from the original delineation of series upon the arrival of the records at the ANC Archive.

The Department of Arts & Culture (DAC) series spans the years 1978-1991. It consists primarily of correspondence between DAC and other ANC departments, publishing groups, and international cultural organisations and artists in DAC efforts to: find appropriate venues for the works for South African writers, artists, poets and performers; plan international tours for Amandla (the ANC’s cultural performance group); promote cultural exchanges; and support cultural boycotts of international performers within South Africa as a way of protesting Apartheid.

The Chief Representative Office series spans the years 1976-1993. This office was the highest representative of the ANC in the Lusaka region, and its duty was to attend to all diplomatic, fraternal and regional issues there. The wide variety of records in this series reflects this duty in both form and content. They consist of correspondence, press statements, communiqués, papers, and reports, primarily within the ANC, regarding the Pan-Africanist Congress, Angola, meetings of the Frontline States, repatriation of exiled comrades and students, meetings, conferences, and other concerns and actions of the ANC.

The Department of International Affairs series spans the years 1923-1994 and also reflects the wide scope of the office itself. Many of the records are reports, minutes and communiqués within the ANC, and from organisations in cooperation with or in support of the ANC. This series, in particular, helps to illustrate the high degree of organisation within the ANC, with records related to numerous departments, missions and sections of the ANC, and the international support received by the ANC from various countries and organisations.

The ANC’s Department of Health series coordinated with governments of host countries and with international organisations to provide health centres for both ANC communities and local communities in areas where external missions were run. Additionally, the Department of Health operated to increase awareness and education of medical issues and treatment to southern Africans, including understanding and prevention of malaria and AIDS. This series is comprised of .2 linear meters and spans the years 1971-1991. The records themselves include documentation of the department’s cooperation with international health organisations, medical publications, and policies and statements issued by the department.

The records of the Missions series document the interaction between the Lusaka Office and other external ANC missions around the world. These records consist primarily of business correspondence, including recommendations of marriage for ANC members, membership requests, requests for passports and financial aid for travel expenses (often for families to attend funerals of ANC cadres), business updates, and occasionally requests for transfer to other offices. These records help illustrate the amount of support cadres and their families received from the organisation when needed.

The Newspaper Cuttings series is made up of topical files, arranged alphabetically, and spanning the years 1964 to 1996. The cuttings come from newspapers and news agencies both in South Africa and abroad, and address a wide range of topics related to current events, prominent political figures, and socio-political issues critical to the anti-Apartheid movement.

The Mittah Seperepere series covers the years 1955-1990, during which time she served in several capacities in the ANC, including as a member of the National Women’s Executive Committee (NWEC) and as representative of the ANC at the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF). The documents in this series focus on the role of women and children in the struggle against apartheid and consist of reports, conference proceedings and papers, meeting minutes, publications, speeches, essays, and topical files on other organisations. Also included in the series are a biography of and an interview with Mittah Seperepere.

The Office of the Treasurer General series includes records from 1979 to 1984. This series documents financial involvements of the Lusaka mission, as related to both the various departments and sections of the ANC and organisations outside the ANC. The records consist of financial reports, fundraising correspondence, expressions of gratitude to individuals, organisations and foreign governments for support of the ANC, and various correspondence and minutes related to financial matters of ANC projects and locations.

The Subject Files series also consists of topical files ranging from 1963-1992. The records related to an incredibly wide range of topics, include correspondence and reports among the various departments within the ANC, organisations in support of the ANC, conferences, members and activists, speeches, and official statements. Of particular note are the numerous files relating to the deaths of ANC members, officers and activists, as well as the included messages of condolence, reflecting both the great loss suffered by their deaths and the reaffirmation of various organisations and individuals to fight the racist South African regime.

The Women’s Section series spans the years 1970 to 1991. The series highlights the activities and concerns of the Women’s Section, including the importance of women and children in the liberation movement, equal opportunity for women in the workplace, the importance of rearing children, and the rights of children. The collection includes correspondence, essays, meeting minutes and reports, conference proceedings and papers, speeches, interviews, publications, posters, articles, and topical files.

The Posters series at the end of the collection consists of four posters related to various aspects of the ANC and Apartheid South Africa. Of particular note is the Land Rover advertisement poster, and its depiction of black suppression by South African police forces as aided by Land Rover vehicles.

The Lusaka collection is divided into the following main subgroups: ANC – Mission offices, Departments, Regional Political Committee, Chief Rep’s Office, Secretary General’s Office, ANC – Women’s Section, ANC – Youth Section, Treasurer General’s Office, President’s Office, Organizations, Notebooks, Publications, News – clippings, Photographs and Magnetic Film Reels which are kept in oversized boxes.

The whole collection consists of 99 grey boxes and 3 oversized boxes.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL – LUSAKA MISSION 2005.

This is an additional material that has been added on to the original finding aid. This collection was processed differently from the previous part. The reason is that, the second part was processed much later and different mechanisms were applied. Zanele Riba and Nokubonga Gugwini archivists from Luthuli House processed this collection.

Scope and Content Note

The whole collection consists of 99 grey boxes and 3 oversized boxes.

Subgroup 1 – ANC – Mission Offices-HQ.

This subgroup is further divided into series namely, correspondence, reports, statements and press – statements. The ANC – Mission Offices consists of 8 boxes, from box 1 to box 8. The date range of this material is from 1966 to 1990. And the bulk dates are the 1980’s. The correspondence is mainly between the headquarters in Lusaka and other countries or offices.

Subgroup 2 – Departments

Under this subgroup we have the following: Arts and Culture, Education, Health Information and Publicity, International Affairs, Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Manpower, Logistics, Economic and Planning, Religious Affairs, Political Education and Transport.

These departments are also further divided into series namely; correspondence, minutes, reports, discussion papers and press – cuttings. The date ranges from 1974 – 1989. And the bulk dates are 1987 – 1989. The subgroup consists 18 boxes, from box 9 to 26.

The department of Education was the biggest in the subgroup of departments. It included SOMAFCO and the ANC Scholarships. The correspondence was mainly addressed to the department of education dealing with issues such as requesting for clearance, applications for scholarships etc.

Information and Publicity was concerned with all the external publicity of the movement. It is responsible for the production of our regular and occasional publications. In addition the department plans and supervises the publicity and propaganda activities carried out through the ANC’s various external offices.

Subgroup 3 – Regional Political Committee

This subgroup is divided according to series; correspondence, minutes, reports, press – statements. The whole subgroup consists of 3 boxes, box 27 to 29. Most of the material is the correspondence as it consists of 2 boxes.

The Regional Political Committee was responsible for matters like handling of disciplinary issues. The date range of this material is 1978 – 1991. And the bulk dates are 1978 – 1980.

Subgroup 4 – Chief Rep’s Office

The main subgroup i.e. Chief Rep’s Office is made of the following: Correspondence, General Correspondence, Telex Correspondence, Commissions, Committee’s and Repatriation. The collection dates from 1964 – 1994. And the bulk dates are 1988 – 1994. The correspondence is mainly addressed to comrade Japhet Ndlovu who was the Chief Rep in Lusaka. The correspondence includes correspondence of the ANC personnel e.g. Seperepere, Mittah; Mabhida, Moses; Mbeki Thabo etc; Requests for travel documents, claims bills cases. Under telex correspondence we have, telex messages from different countries.

Repatriation consisted of lists of ANC members wishing to return to South Africa, lists of those cadres who cannot leave for South Africa. Chief Rep’s Office material consists of 18 boxes. These are in box no. 30 – 47.

Subgroup 5 – Secretary General’s Office

S.G.O. is divided into series, correspondence, reports, statements, minutes, discussion papers, ANC – Conferences. The date range is from 1958 – 1993. And the bulk date is 1978 – 1990. The material consists of 21 boxes, box no. 48 –68.

The purpose of the secretariat was to provide for centralized control combined with responsibility and initiative of heads of departments or sections. Under Secretary General, we also have conferences namely; Arusha Conference, Morogoro Conference, National Youth Conference etc.

Subgroup 6 – Women’s Section

The ANC – Women Section consists of 3 boxes, from box 69 – 71. The subgroup is divided according to series namely; correspondence, discussion papers, reports, minutes and statements. The date ranges from 1979 – 1991.

The Women’s Secretariat was concerned with all international solidarity work concerning women and will be responsible to the Director of Political Affairs, where ANC women’s branches are formed they will be responsible to the secretariat.

Subgroup 7 – Youth Section

This subgroup consists of only 2 boxes. And these are box no. 72 – 73. The date ranges from 1969 – 1990.

Subgroup 8 – Treasurer General’s Office

Consists of 7 boxes, box no. 74 – 80. The subgroup is divided according to series; correspondence, minutes of meetings. The date ranges from 1964 – 1993. And the bulk dates are 1987 – 1989.

Under the Treasurer General’s Office we also have Projects. The ANC had projects to generate money in order to survive. Example of these projects is; Makeni farm, School building project etc

Subgroup 9 – President’s Office

The subgroup consists of only 2 boxes, box no. 81 –82. President’s Office is divided into correspondence and statements. These are correspondence and statements addressed to President O. R. Tambo. The material dates from 1963 – 1990.

Subgroup 10 - Organizations

These are organizations that dealt with or assisted the ANC in the struggle against apartheid. This subgroup consists of seven boxes, from box 83-89. It is further subdivided into two series namely, political organizations and anti-apartheid movement. Political organizations consist of mass movements and organization that were involved with the ANC one-way or the other. The bulk dates are 1974-1978 and the early 1980’s.

Subgroup 11 – United Nations

The subgroup deals mainly with United Nations correspondence, discussion papers reports and statements. This consists of three boxes from box 90 until box 93. The date range is from 1960-1991.

Subgroup 12 – South African Congress of Trade Unions

Consists of only two boxes box number 93-94.Dating from 1968-1989, it consists of correspondence, minutes of meetings and reports

Subgroup 13 - Notebooks

This subgroup is made up of notebooks from the offices that were found within the collection. These are in two boxes number 95- 96. The dates are n.d., 1969- 1989.

Subgroup 14 - Publications

The subgroup is made up of publications from the Lusaka office. The publications spans the years 1955-1993. And the material can be found in three boxes namely box 97; 77a and 98.News-clippings are also included in this subgroup.

Subgroup 15 - Photographs

Subgroup is made up of only one box, which is box 99. This contains photographs from this collection.

Subgroup 16 – Oversized boxes

This consists of film reels that have not been watched some have titles some don’t. These are in boxes 1-3

Box 1

Department of Arts & Culture

1. Africa Fund Study Guide – Frontline Southern Africa, 1987

2. African Ministers of Culture, 1990 (Telex)

3. ANC Anniversary Message, 1986 (O.R Tambo)

4. ANC Department of Information & Publicity, 1990 (Z.P Jordan)

5. ANC Donor Conference, 1990

6. ANC Political School, 1988

7. ANC Internal Circulars Briefing, 1988-1990

8. ANC Leaders Visit Zambia, 1990

9. ANC National Conference, 1990

10. ANC Professional Body Reports, 1988, 1990

11. ANC Report on Current Situation and the Way Forward, 1989

12. ANC Secretary General Statement, 1990

13. ANC Seventy-fifth Anniversary Poetry Dedication and Graphic Project, 1986-1987

14. ANC Social Service Seminar, 1988

15. ANC Statements, 1989

16. ANC Women’s League, 1988-1990

17. ANC Youth, 1984-1986

Box 2

18. Afro-Asian Writers Association, 1987-1988

19. African Literature Association, 1989

20. African Prize for Leadership, 1993

21. Amandla Group, 1984-1990 (2 folders)

22. Arekopaneng Steering Committee Reports, 1989

23. Artwork, n.d.

24. Biography –Johnny “Mbizo” Dyani, n.d.

25. Book Review – Music in the Mix by Muff Andersson, 1981

26. Botswana Groups, 1978-1990 (Culture &resistance)

27. Budgets and Financial Reports, 1988-1989

28. Bulgarian Training and Assistance, 1986-1988

29. Congress of South African Writers, 1989-1990

Box 3

30. Constitutional Guidelines for a Democratic South Africa, n.d.

31. Copyright, 1986

32. Correspondence, 1980-1990 (2 folders)

33. Cultural Boycott and International Solidarity, 1980-1990

34. Cultural Exchange, c.1990

35. Cultural Workshops/Seminars, 1988-1989

36. Culture: papers, Class & culture

37. Culture in Another South Africa, 1987-1989

38. CUSO Project, 1986-1990

Box 4

39. Dakawa Graphic Workshop, 1986-1990

40. Dakawa/Mazimbu Correspondence/Reports, 1987-1990

41. Dakawa Textile Printing Workshop, 1986-1990

42. Department of Arts & Culture Bulletin & News, 1987-1990

43. Dutch Solidarity Groups, 1986-1988

44. Education Report, n.d.

45. Essential Drug Seminar, 1989

46. Europe – Training and Assistance, 1982-1990

Box 4

47. Film Festivals, 1989-1990

48. Film Project, 1990

49. Film, Video, Music and Theatre, 1986-1990

50. Filming Groups, Films and Scripts, 1989

Box 5

51. Finland – Solidarity and Support, 1988-1989

52. German Democratic Republic: Solidarity and Assistance, 1988-1989

53. Ghana Support and Solidarity, 1988

54. Groote Schuur Minutes, 1990

55. History Projects, 1988-1989

56. Information and Technology Projects, 1988-1990

57. Internal Organisation Relations with ANC Headquarters, 1988-1990

58. Language, 1989

59. Memo: culture & struggle, 1989-1990

60. Meetings & consultation

61. Minutes of Staff Meeting, 1989

62. Mozambique Relations, 1983-1989

63. National Cultural Desk, 1990

Box 6

64. Newsclippings, 1988

65. Norway Funding and Training, 1988-1989

66. Plan:technical drawing

67. Plays, Concerts and Festivals, 1987-1990 (2 folders)

68. Poetry, Songs, etc., n.d.

69. Projects, 1989

70. Proposal-SA Cultural Centre

Box 7

71. Report: Cultural Centre, 1984-1990

72. Reports and Speeches, 1983-1989

73. Rixaka Correspondences and Memo, 1984-1986

74. September, Dulcie – Condolence Messages, 1988

75. Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO), 1988-1989

76. Sports, 1983-1990

77. Staff Meeting Minute and Agenda, 1984-1990

78. Swedish International Defence Agency (SIDA) Projects and Training, 1987-1990

79. Textile Printing and Weaving Workshop Projects, 1986-1990

80. Thami Mnyele Quartet, n.d.

81. Video Unit, 1990

82. World Intellectual Property Organisation – Copyright, 1980-1987

83. Zambian Relations, 1988-1990

Box 8

Chief Representative Office

1. Africa Liberation Centre, 1989-1991

2. ANC Chief Representative, 1988-1991

3. ANC In-house Seminar of ANC Economists Organised by the Department of Economics and Planning, 1989

4. ANC Internal Circulars and Notices, 1987-1991

5. ANC International Affairs Department, 1990-1991

6. ANC International Donors Conference, 1991

7. ANC Land Issue Discussion Document, 1991

8. ANC National Executive Committee (NEC) and National Working Committee (NWC), 1991

9. ANC National and Regional Preparatory Committee, 1990-1991

10. ANC and Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) Joint Communique, 1991

11. ANC Regional Political Committee – Zambia, 1990

12. ANC Statements and Press Releases, 1989-1991

13. ANC Women’s Section, 1978-1990

14. ANC Youth, 1989-1991

Box 9

15. Angola, 1988

16. Arts, Culture and Filming, 1990-1991

17. Biography – Matlou, Johnny, n.d.

18. Charlotte Maxeke Residential Creche Establishment Report, 1979

19. Coordinating Committee for Liberation in Africa, 1984

20. Constitutional Issues, 1989

21. Correspondence/condolences: UNIP-Gibson Chigaga

22. Directory of ANC Missions and Offices, 1990

23. Economic Policy Research and Training Institute (EPRIT), 1991

24. Education and Student Affairs, 1989-1991

25. Frontline States, 1976-1991

26. Groote Schuur Minutes, 1990

27. Health Department: Conference, Maputo, 1990

28. High Commission and Embassy in Zambia, 1990-1991

29. Holomisa, Major-General B.H. – Address at End of Year Party, 1990

30. Inkatha: Declaration c.1990

31. International Solidarity and Support, 1991

32. Letters from Parents of Children in Exile, 1990

33. Negotiations and Constitutional Issues, 1989-1991

34. Organisation of African Unity (OAU), 1983-1991

Box 10

35. Political Education Workshop, 1988

36. Political Prisoners/Detainees, 1983-1990

37. Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA), 1984-1989

38. Press Cuttings, 1986-1988

39. Repatriation, 1989-1991

40. Reports: Regional and National Conferences

41. Second Patriotic Front Conference, 1993

42. Signature Campaign for Constituent Assembly and Interim Government, 1991

43. Sisulu, Walter and Zambian Government Meeting, 1991

44. South Africa Delegation Visit to ANC Headquarters, 1988-1991

45. South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO)/Namibia, 1983-1989

46. Southern Africa Labour Commission, 1990

47. Speeches by Released Leaders, 1989-1990

48. Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Seminar, 1990

49. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Press Statements and Releases on Southern Africa, 1989

50. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Conference, 1989

51. Women’s Consultative Meeting, 1983

Box 11

Department of International Affairs (DIA)

1. Administration, n.d.

2. Addresses on Conferment of Doctoral Degrees: M.J Nyerere, N. Mandela; University of Zimbabwe 1986

3. Africa Confidential, 1988-1992

4. Africa Group/Organisation of African Unity (OAU), 1991-1994

5. African Diplomatic Mission Correspondence, 1992-1994

Afro-Asian Solidarity Organisations, 1971-1973

6. Amnesty International Statement, 1992

7. ANC Anniversary Statement, 1988-1993

8. ANC Arusha Conference, 1987

9. ANC Balance Sheet as of December 31, 1981

10. ANC Bill of Rights - 1923-1993, 1993

11. ANC Briefings: Morogoro Provisional Headquarters, 1970-1973

12. ANC Commissar Camp Report, 1971

13. ANC Commission on Professional Bodies, 1988-1989

14. ANC Communiqué of Second Consultative Conference – Tambo, O.R., 1985

15. ANC Condolences on the Death of Cabral, Amilcar, 1973

Box 12

16. ANC Constitutional matters, 1987-1990

17. ANC Coordinating Council Minutes and Circulars 1987-1988

18. ANC Correspondence to Anti-Apartheid and Support Groups, 1973-1992

19. ANC Cultural Workers Meeting Minutes, 1989

20. ANC Delegation to Zambian government, 1991

21. ANC Department of Arts & Culture, 1987-1989

22. ANC Department of Economics and Planning, 1987-1989

23. ANC Department of Education, 1987, 1992

24. ANC Department of Information and Publicity (DIP) National Seminar, 1991

25. ANC Department of International Affairs, 1991-1994

26. ANC Department of Legal and Constitutional Affairs, 1987- 1988

27. ANC Department of Manpower Development, N.d.-1989

28. ANC Department of Political Education, 1987-1988

29. ANC Election Campaign, 1993-1994

30. ANC Elects National Executive Committee (NEC), 1991

31. ANC Foreign Mission Reports, 1972

32. ANC Foreign Policy in a New Democratic South Africa – Discussion Paper, 1993

Box 13

33. ANC-Frelimo (Mozambique Liberation Front) Relations, 1972-1973

34. ANC Fundraising Campaigns, 1992-1994

35. ANC-German Democratic Republic (GDR) Correspondence, 1970-1972

36. ANC Guidelines to Building of Underground, n.d.

37. ANC Headquarters Circulars to Foreign Missions, 1971-1972

38. ANC Headquarters and Egypt Mission Correspondence, 1970-1972

39. ANC Headquarters and Foreign Missions Correspondences and Reports, 1971-1973

40. ANC Headquarters and United Kingdom Mission Correspondence, 1971-1973

41. ANC Headquarters and United States Correspondences and Reports, 1970-1973

42. ANC Inkatha Joint Statement, 1990

43. ANC Internal Correspondence/Reports, 1969-1973

44. ANC June 26 Statement & Speech, 1972

45. ANC Language Workshop, 1990

46. ANC Logistics Department, 1971-1973

Box 14

47. ANC Makeni farm

48. ANC Meeting with United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Minutes, 1987

49. ANC Memo on Status of Freedom Fighters Captured, 1972

50. ANC Message to People of South Africa, 1973

51. ANC National Commissariat Structure, n.d.

52. ANC National Conference Invitations, 1991

53. ANC National Consultative Conference, 1985

54. ANC National Education Council Conferences, 1983-1986

55. ANC National Executive Committee (NEC) documents, 1971-1973,1987-1993

56. ANC National Working Committee (NWC) Minutes and Notices, 1988,1992

57. ANC Negotiations Bulletin, 1991-1992

58. ANC Office Administration and Management, n.d.

59. ANC Outgoing Faxes, 1991-1992

Box 15

60. ANC Papers, 1968-1973

61. ANC Petition on – United Nations Committee on Decolonisation, 1969

62. ANC Policy Documents, 1991-1992

63. ANC Political Education Discussion Papers, 1991-1992

64. ANC Press Release Statements, 1972-1993 (2 folders)

65. ANC Programme of Action, 1992

66. ANC Project Proposals, 1971-1973

67. ANC Public Relations, 1970-1973

68. ANC Publicity and Information Department – Sechaba Correspondence and Reports, 1971-1973

Box 16

69. ANC on Question of Unity with Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), 1978

70. ANC and RCC Delegation Minutes, 1986

71. ANC Relations with South African Non-Government Organisations (NGOs), 1988-1992

72. ANC Report of Commission of National Structures, 1985

73. ANC Report of Visits to New Zealand and Australia, 1972

74. ANC Report: Trip to Brazil, 1985

75. ANC Report on Violence, 1990

76. ANC Report to Africa Group on deKlerk’s Zambia Visit, 1993

77. ANC Report to Organisation for African Unity (OAU), 1969-1972

78. ANC Reports, 1969-1993

79. ANC Representatives message

80. ANC Research Department Information Update, 1993

81. ANC Research Group Correspondence, 1972-1973

82. ANC Resource Material on Negotiation, 1990

83. ANC Response to Motsuenyane Commission’s Report, 1993

84. ANC Response to deKlerk’s July 2nd, 1992 Memorandum, 1992

Box 17

85. ANC Second Consultative Conference Paper, 1985

86. ANC Secretary General’s Office, 1989-1991

87. ANC Sixtieth Anniversary Speech to Umkhonto We Sizwe (MK), 1972

88. ANC-South African Government Draft Report on Repatriation, 1990

89. ANC Speeches, 1972

90. ANC Statement: A call to the nation, 1985

91. ANC Statement: Accounts, 1987

92. ANC Statement: Assassination of Amilcar Cabral, 1973(moved to box11)

93. ANC Statement: Convocation of National Convention, 1971

94. ANC Statement: De Klerk Second February decisions, 1990

95. ANC Statement: Imprisonment of French-Beytagh, 1971

96. ANC Statement: Report by ANC detainees, 1992

97. ANC Statement: 78^th Anniversary of ANC, 1990

98. ANC Statement: Sharpeville Massacre

99. ANC Statement: Situation in SA, 1971, 1973, and 1989-1992

100. ANC Statement: Violence of apartheid, 1971

101. ANC Statement: UN, NGOs, and OAU, 1970-1971

102. ANC Strategising Meeting Decisions, 1990

103. ANC Structures, 1990

104. ANC Student Commission of Inquiry, 1991

105. ANC Submission to United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 1972

Box 18

106. ANC Treasurer General, 1971, 1981-1988

107. ANC United Kingdom (UK) Mission, 1971- 1973

108. ANC Vocational Training Project, 1972-1973

109. ANC Women’s League, 1973, 1981, 1991-1992

110. ANC Youth & Students Summer School, GDR, 1971

111. ANC Youth Conference, 1982

112. ANC Youth, 1991-1992

113. ANC Youth Report on Congress of South African Students (COSAS), 1985

114. ANC Zambia Regional Office Meeting Minutes, 1973

115. ANC Zimbabwean African People’s Union (ZAPU) Communique, 1970

116. Afro-Asian Solidarity Organisations, 1971-1973

117. Angola, 1992-1993

118. Apartheid and United Nations (UN) Collective Measures Analysis, 1965

119. Article on South African Development Cooperation Conference (SADCC), 1991

120. Banking, 1989

Box 19

121. Bereaved Families Meet ANC Lusaka Mission, 1992

122. Bophuthatswana Coup Attempt - Newspaper Clippings, 1988-1990

123. Broad Guidelines on Organs of People's Power, n.d.

124. Buwa Tour, c.1988

125. Commission for external organization, 1989

126. Commission on Crimes of Apartheid, 1988

127. Commission on Professional Bodies, 1988

128. Condolence Messages, 1988-1993

129. Constitutional Issues, 1993

130. Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), 1992

131. Correspondence, 1971-1994

132. Cunene Dam Scheme Report - World Council of Churches, 1972

133. Dakawa Development Centre, 1982-1987

134. Deaths in Detention, 1971-1972

135. Deaths – Hani, Chris and Tambo, Oliver,

Box 20

136. Decoding Apartheid Reform by Frene Ginwala, 1986

137. De Klerk, F.W.: 1990-1992

138. Developments in South Africa as Reported by Official Press in South Africa, 1981-1983

139. Discussion Paper: Anti-Communism/Sovietism, 1985

140. Donors Conference, 1990

141. Eastern and Southern Africa Management Institute Workshop on Negotiation Skills, 1990

142. Education/Students, 1986-1994

143. Election, 1992- 1994

144. Embassy/High Commissions, 1990-1993

145. Eminent Persons Group, 1986

146. European Anti-Apartheid Groups, 1971-1972

147. First, Ruth - Tribute, 1983

148. Freedom Charter, 1955

149. Freedom Day Celebrations in India and Egypt - Newspaper Clippings, 1972

150. Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe - Papers, 1972

151. Frontline States, 1987-1992

Box 21

152. Goldstone, Justice R.J. - Press Statement, 1992

153. Health, 1985-1990

154. In-House Seminar on Women, Children, and Family in a Future Constitutional Order, 1989

155. Indemnity, 1992

156. Individual South African Correspondence to ANC Headquarters, 1986

157. Inkatha, 1991

158. Institute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa (IDASA), 1992-1993

159. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) Grants, 1964, 1970

160. International Conferences on Children, Repression & the Law in Apartheid South Africa, 1987

161. International Conference on Disarmament, 1972

162. International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa (IDAF) - Correspondence, 1973

163. International Labour Organisation, 1984-1988

164. International Organisations, 1991-1992

165. International Seminar on Imperialism, Independence and Social Transformation, 1971-1972

Box 22-23

166. International Solidarity Speeches, 1971-1994

167. June 16 Anniversary Commemoration, 1984, 1991

168. June 26 International Solidarity Messages, 1972

169. Kaunda, Dr. Kenneth - Visit to ANC in South Africa, 1994

170. Language Planning Models for a Post-Apartheid South Africa, 1990

171. Lawyers Conference: Role of Law in a Society in Transition, 1989

172. Luthuli Cultural and Welfare Services, 1987

173. Luthuli Memorial Foundation Correspondence, 1970-1973

174. Local Government and Planning Workshop, 1989

Box 24

175. Mandela, Nelson, 1990-1992

176. Marks, J.B. – Condolence Messages and Funeral Photographs, 1972

177. Mass Democratic Movement, 1988

178. Mazimbu and Dakawa News & Views, 1987

179. Military and Combat Work (MCW), n.d.

180. Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Zambia, 1991-1992

181. Minutes of Joint Meeting between ANC and Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Establishing Vocational Training Centre, 1987

182. Mkiza Enemy Forces Series, nos. 1 & 2, 1987

183. Muslim activism

184. Namibia Report, c.1970, 1972

185. National Campaign for Children’s Rights, 1989-1990

186. National Convention, 1984

187. National Fundraising Reports, 1986-1990

188. National Housing Policy and Strategy Task Group, n.d.

189. National Labour Intensive Project Proposal, 1993

190. National Union of South African Students/South African National Students Conference (NUSAS/SANSCO), 1990

191. Nationalist Party Report – Craig Williamson, n.d.

Box 25

192. Negotiations, 1992-1993 (2 folders)

193. New Zealand, 1972-1973

194. Newspaper Clippings, 1985

195. Newspaper Clippings – Post Unbanning, 1992

196. Newspaper Clippings – South African Trade Mission – Zambia, 1993-1994

197. Ngalo, Mary – Tribute, 1973

198. Nigerian Relations, 1988

199. Non-Aligned Summit, 1986

200. Norwegian Red Cross, 1973

201. Organisation of South African Unity (OAU), 1971-1973, 1982-1992 (3 folders)

202. Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Council of Ministers Meeting, 1986

203. Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Liberation Committee Meeting Notes, 1982

204. Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Monitoring Group, 1991

205. Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Declaration on South Africa, 1989

Box 26

206. Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), 1991-1992 (2 folders)

207. Papers, 1969-1971

Afro-Asian Solidarity Organisation

Denationalisation of Black people

Economic strategy of ANC

Educated barbarians

Limehill

OAU on military cooperation

Mining firms Namibia

SA economy

Trade Union Movement

208. Patriotic/United Front Conference, 1991

209. People’s Progressive Party, 1985-1990

210. Photo Album – miscellaneous and unidentified, c.1950s, 1984

211. Political Education Papers, n.d.

Development of people’s war

From ungovernability to people’s power

Retaining strategic initiative

Strategy and tactics of people’s war

Vietnamese revolution

212. Population Forecast – Dakawa Development Centre, 1984

213. Post-Apartheid South Africa, 1987-1990

214. Post-Apartheid South Africa Conference, c.1990

215. Posters – De Klerk Trial, n.d.

216. Prayer Service: End of unjust rule in South Africa, 1987

217. Preferential Trade Area of Eastern and Southern African States, 1982, 1993

Box 27

218. Projects - Mazimbu, 1980

219. Questions and Points Related to Pretoria Minutes, 1990

220. Racial Zoning Policy Change, 1989

221. Reebok Human Rights Award, 1991

222. Regional Report – Lusaka, 1990

223. “Relationship between the State, the Family and African Women Towards a Post-Apartheid South Africa,” 1989

224. Reorganisation of ANC Offices, n.d.

225. Repatriation, 1990-1992, 1993 (2 folders)

226. Reports, 1985-1993

227. Research on Education in South Africa (RESA), 1988

228. Sanctions: Tripartite Seminar, 1991

229. Scholarships, 1987

230. Sechaba Articles, 1971-1973

231. Seminar – Future of the Security and Defence in South Africa, 1986

232. Sixty-five Years of South African Communist Party (SACP) Pamphlet, 1986

233. Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO), 1987-1988

234. South African Aviation Boycott Project, 1972

235. South African Cultural Centre, 1972

Box 28

236. South African Defence Force (SADF), 1984

237. South African Elections, 1994

238. South African Government Urbanisation, n.d.

239. South African Newsbriefing, 1993-1994

240. South African Pressclips, 1988-1989

241. South African Prime Minister Visit to Britain – Debate, 1984

242. South African Studies Project Limited, 1990

243. South African Students Visit ANC, 1993

244. Southern Africa Development Community, 1993

245. Southern Africa Report,” 1991-1992

Box 29

246. South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO), 1985-1992

247. Speeches by Nelson Mandela and Cyril Ramaphosa, 1985, 1993

248. Stockholm Conference on Vietnam, 1972

249. Study Project: SA & Namibia, 1973

250. Talks between Angola and South African Government, 1988

251. Tambo Statement to Welcome Released Leaders, 1989

252. Tanzania – Newspaper Clippings, 1970 (UK Churches for armed struggle)

253. Telegrams and Faxes, 1972-1994

254. Trade Policy Monitoring Project – University of Cape Town, 1993

255. Training in Egypt, 1992-1994

256. Treasury, 1988-1992

257. Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), 1981-1991

258. United Democratic Front (UDF) and ANC, n.d.

259. United National Independent Party (UNIP), 1983, 1989-1992 (2 folders)

260. United Nations (UN), 1991-1993

261. United Nations (UN) Centre Against Apartheid, March 1977-October 1987

262. United Nations (UN) Centre Against Apartheid Notes and Documents, 1992-1993

Box 30

263. United Nations (UN), 1972-1993

264. United States (US), 1972

265. Unity Movement of South Africa Press Release, 1971

266. University of Natal: Visit to ANC, 1988

267. Unrest Report, n.d.

268. Urban Foundation Research on Local Government, 1993

269. Visit to ANC Mission by South African University Students, 1993

270. Voter Education Programme Proposal, 1993-1994

271. Women, n.d., 1981, 1992

272. World Council of Churches, 1970-1980

273. World Peace Council, 1972-1973

274. Youth Declaration on CODESA II, 1992

275. Youth Festivals: First Pan African Youth Festival, Tunis, 1973

273. Zambia Newspaper Clippings, 1972-1992

277. Zambia Newspaper Clippings – South Africa/Zambia Relations, 1992

278. Zambian Government – Political Parties & Organisations, 1991-1994

Box 31

Health

1. African Mental Health Action Group Newsletter, 1989

2. ANC Aids Project Proposal, 1989

3. ANC Clinic Report, 1989

4. ANC Document on Health Matters in Southern African Regions, c.1988

5. ANC Health Administration, 1987

6. ANC Health Committee, 1986-1991

7. ANC Health Department, 1986-1990

8. ANC Health Policy, 1986-1987

9. ANC Health Team (East Africa) Report, 1987

10. ANC Health Workers Conference – Zambia, 1986

11. ANC Third Health Council Meeting – Lusaka, 1986

12. Correspondence, 1971-1973

13. Industrial Health Research Group in South Africa, 1983

14. Maputo Conference on Health in South and Southern Africa, 1986, 1990

15. Military Health, 1989

16. National Medical and Dental Association Publications, 1988-1989

17. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Paper, c.1981

18. Publications

Box 32

Missions

1. Algeria, 1984

2. Angola, 1981-1986 (2 folders)

3. Australia, 1984-1985

4. Botswana, 1978-1982

5. Benelux, 1981-1984

6. Canada, 1979-1981

Box 33

7. Cuba, 1984-1985

8. Denmark, 1985

9. Egypt, 1981-1982

10. Ethiopia, 19811982

11. Federal Republic of Germany (FRG – East Germany), 1981-1985

12. German Democratic Republic

13. India, 1981-1984

14. Italy, 1983-1985

15. Lesotho, 1980-1985

16. Malagasy, 1980-1985

17. Mozambique, 1980-1982

Box 34

18. Mozambique, 1981-1985